Q.No.128(b): - What is the microscopic reason of dispersion?

Q.No.128(b): - What is the microscopic reason of dispersion?

Ans: - The electric field of the incident field of the incident light causes the electron in an atom to oscillate with the frequency of the incident light. When the incident and scattered waves interfere then the phase of their combination depends on their phase difference and hence on the frequency. As a result, the speed of light in a material depends on the frequency or wavelength. This phenomenon is called dispersion.

Q.No.129: - What is Doppler Effect?

Q.No.129: - What is Doppler Effect?

Ans: - The change in frequency due to the relative motion is called Doppler Effect.

Q.No.128(c): - Describe the dispersion phenomenon. Or What is the microscopic reason of dispersion? Or Describe the dispersion on atomic scale. Ans: - The electric field of the incident field of the incident light causes the electron in an atom to oscillate with the frequency of the incident light. When the incident and scattered waves interfere then the phase of their combination depends on their phase difference and hence on the frequency. As a result, the speed of light in a material depends on the frequency or wavelength. This phenomenon is called dispersion.

Q.No.128(c): -Describe the dispersion on atomic scale.

Ans: - The electric field of the incident light causes the electron in an atom to oscillate with the frequency of the incident light. When the incident and scattered waves interfere then the phase of their combination depends on their phase difference and hence on the frequency. As a result, the speed of light in a material depends on the frequency or wavelength. This phenomenon is called dispersion.

Q.No.128(a): - Describe the dispersion phenomenon.

Q.No.128(a): - Describe the dispersion phenomenon.

Ans: - The electric field of the incident light causes the electron in an atom to oscillate with the frequency of the incident light. When the incident and scattered waves interfere then the phase of their combination depends on their phase difference and hence on the frequency. As a result, the speed of light in a material depends on the frequency or wavelength. This phenomenon is called dispersion.

Q.No.125: - Define phosphorescent also describe the factors upon which it depends?

Q.No.125: - Define phosphorescent also describe the factors upon which it depends?

Ans: - Objects that continue to glow longer than 10^-8s after the source of the excitation is removed are called phosphorescent and the materials that cause this effect is called a phosphor. For example dial of clock. It depends on the duration of light emission after the source of excitation is removed.

Q.No.126: - What are the causes of luminescence? Describe them briefly.

Q.No.126: - What are the causes of luminescence? Describe them briefly.

Ans: - Luminescence can have a variety of causes some of them are given below.

i)                   Chemiluminescence:- When the energy that excites the atoms originates from a chemical reaction is called Chemiluminescence .

ii)                Bioluminescence:- Often the effect occurs in living things, such as in fireflies and many marine organisms, in this case it is called bioluminescence.

iii)              Triboluminescence:- Light can also be emitted when certain crystals for example, sugar are crushed the effect called Triboluminescence.

Q.No.124: - What is meant by fluorescent? On which factor it depends?

Q.No.124: - What is meant by fluorescent? On which factor it depends?

Ans: - Objects in which the emission of light ceases immediately (within 10^-8s) after the source of the excitation is removed are called fluorescent. It depends upon the duration of light emission after the source of excitation is removed. The example is fluorescent lamp.

Q.No.123(a): - How fluorescent lamp works?

Q.No.123(a): - How fluorescent lamp works?

Ans:- In the case of fluorescent lamp, an electric current passed through the gas in the tube causes the electrons to move to higher energy states; when the electrons return to their original energy states, they give up their excess energy in the form of ultraviolet radiation. This radiation is absorbed by atoms of the coating on the inside of the glass tube, which then emit visible light.

Q.No.123(b): -Who fluorescent lamps radiate light?

Q.No.123(b): -Who fluorescent lamps radiate light?

Ans:- In the case of fluorescent lamp, an electric current passed through the gas in the tube causes the electrons to move to higher energy states; when the electrons return to their original energy states, they give up their excess energy in the form of ultraviolet radiation. This radiation is absorbed by atoms of the coating on the inside of the glass tube, which then emit visible light.

Q.No.122: - Can light emit from cool objects? If yes then what is it called?

Q.No.122: - Can light emit from cool objects? If yes then what is it called?

Ans: - Yes cool bodies also emit visible light and this phenomenon is called luminescence. Examples are common fluorescent lamps, glowing of watch and clock dials, and television receivers.

Q.No.119: - Which velocity of wave may greater than the speed of light “c”?

Q.No.119: - Which velocity of wave may greater than the speed of light “c”?

Ans: - The phase velocity of light may increase the speed of light but the group velocity is always less than the speed of light.

Q.No.221: - What is meant by incandescent object? How can we body made incandescent?

Q.No.221: - What is meant by incandescent object? How can we body made incandescent?

Ans: - An object whose thermal radiation is visible is called incandescent like Sun. Typically if the temperature of the body exceeds 1000^oC then the body will become incandescent.

Q.No.120: - What are thermal radiations?

Q.No.120: - What are thermal radiations?

Ans: - All objects emit electromagnetic radiation, called thermal radiation, because of their temperature.

Q.No.118: - By which velocity the modulated wave (information) travels?

Q.No.118: - By which velocity the modulated wave (information) travels?

Ans: - The modulated information (wave) travels with group velocity not with phase velocity.

Q.No.117: - Why it is necessary to modulate radio wave?

Q.No.117: - Why it is necessary to modulate radio wave?

Ans: - Because an infinitely long wave train of constant amplitude cannot carry information. The carrier of radio wave, for instance, carries no information until it is modulated.

Q.No.116: - If light emitted from a single molecule is polarized then why the light emitted from incandescent and fluorescent light bulb is unpolarized?

Q.No.116: - If light emitted from a single molecule is polarized then why the light emitted from incandescent and fluorescent light bulb is unpolarized?

Ans: - Incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs contain molecules. These molecules emit polarized light individually but this light depends on the orientation of molecules and the orientation of each molecule is different in the bulb. That’s why the result of all these polarized lights coming from each molecule into unpolarized light.

Q.No.115: - Which type of light is emitted from a single molecule?

Q.No.115: - Which type of light is emitted from a single molecule?

Ans: - A single molecule emits polarized light. The direction of light depends upon the orientation of molecule.

Q.No.113: - What is meant by linear polarized wave? How can we make a wave linearly polarized?

Q.No.113: - What is meant by linear polarized wave? How can we make a wave linearly polarized?

Ans: - When a wave have only one component along anyone dimension i.e. along-x, y or z-axis that wave is called linearly polarized. We can make a wave linearly polarized by using polarizing filter.

Q.No.112: - What is meant by dispersion?

Q.No.112: - What is meant by dispersion?

Ans: - The dependence of wave speed and index of refraction on wavelength is called dispersion.

Q.No.111(c): - Why ordinary light disperses from any other dense medium?

Q.No.111(c): - Why ordinary light disperses from any other dense medium?

Ans: - As we know that white light is the superposition of waves with wavelengths of visible spectrum and the speed of light in air or vacuum is the same for all wavelengths, but the speed in a material substance is different for different wavelengths. That’s why when white light passes through material medium then it splits because it doesn’t consists of single wavelength but many wavelengths. This is called dispersion